Objective To investigate the influencing factors related to the complications of esophageal foreign body in children.Methods Data of 150 children with esophageal foreign bodies admitted to Xi′an Children′s Hospital from January 2012 to June 2015 were included in the retrospective analysis. Related clinical variables （gender， age， location， time， size， sharpness， quality， and severity of complications） were statistically analyzed. Results Spearman correlation analysis showed that the age of children was negatively correlated with esophageal foreign body complications （r=-0.187， P=0.022）， incarceration time （r=0.456， P＜0.001）， sharpness （r=0.384， P＜0.001） and quality （r=0.234， P=0.004） was positively correlated with the incidence of complications. Non-conditional Logistic regression analysis for polytomous ordinal response showed that incarceration longer than 8 h yielded complication risks 9.507 times as much as that less than 8 h （95％CI：2.982-30.309）. Obtuse or sharp foreign body yielded risk 142.751 times as smooth foreign body did （95％CI：13.736-1 483.562）. Conclusion Incidence and severity of complications of esophageal foreign body in children are closely related to the age of the children， incarceration time and the degree of sharpness. For patients of less than 1 year old， incarceration for more than 8 hours， with an obtuse or sharp foreign body， early diagnosis and treatment is essential.