Objective To evaluate value of narrow band imaging（NBI） endoscopy for children with abdominal Henoch-Schonlein purpura（HSP）. Methods A total of 46 patients with abdominal HSP were enrolled into the observation group（NBI intervention） from November 2010 to February 2016.Diagnostic rates of white light and NBI endoscopy in abdominal HSP patients， IgA positive rates of targeted biopsies and severe complications were retrospectively analyzed. A total of 25 abdominal HSP patients with no NBI intervention admitted from 2007 to 2009 were randomly enrolled into control group. Data of the control group were compared with those of observation group. Results In observation group， the diagnostic rate under NBI was significantly higher than that under white-light endoscopy［91.3％（42／46）VS 67.4％（31／46），χ²=8.02，P＜0.05］. IgA positive rates of targeted biopsies under NBI was significantly higher than that under white-light endoscopy［95.7％（88／92）VS 69.6％（64／92），χ²=21.79，P＜0.05］. Three patients developed such serious complications as digestive hemorrhage as predicted. Compared with control group， abdominal pain and blood stool relief time （10.96±5.32 d VS 19.68±4.29 d，t=7.50，P＜0.01）， fasting time（10.37±5.42 d VS 8.80±3.71 d，t=7.73，P＜0.01）， hospital stay （18.80±7.11 d VS 23.12±4.36 d， t=3.16，P＜0.01）， time of stool occult blood negative （11.41±6.30 d VS 19.12±4.09 d，t=6.22，P＜0.01） in observation group were significantly shortened. Conclusion NBI endoscopy is valuable for improving the diagnostic accuracy and biopsy accuracy and complication prediction of abdominal Henoch-Schonlein purpura in children.