【Abstract】 Objective Through analyzing the the histological cure rates, tumor retention rate, tumor recurrence rate of three treatments for gastrointestinal early cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia (HGIN): endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR), endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD), surgical, to explore the curative effect of three kinds of treatments. Methods 143 patients diagnosed with gastrointestinal early cancer or HGIN were selected from July 2013 to October 2016 as the research objects, according to surgical method, patient were divided into: EMR group, ESD group and Surgery group; according to the lesion infiltration level was divided into: HGIN group, M1- M2 group, M3 group, SM1 group. Calculated the complete removal rate of different infiltration levels, the cure rate of histology, the residual rate of tumor and the recurrence rate of tumor. Results The complete removal rate of EMR group was 73.1%, the cure rate of histology was 73.1%, and the tumor residual rate was 26.9%. The complete removal rate of ESD group was 97.1%, the cure rate of histology was 97.1%, and the tumor residual rate was 4.3%.The complete removal rate of surgical operation group was 95.8%, the cure rate of histology was 95.8%, and the tumor residual rate was 4.2%.The recurrence rate of the tumor was 0. With the increase of infiltration level, the complete removal rate and the histological cure rate of the three methods decreased, and the tumor residual rate increased. Conclusion ESD can be used as a technology of safe, minimally invasive, less cost in treatment of gastrointestinal early cancer and high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia.