Objective To investigate the clinical application of enteroscopies in China, and to further provide evidence for popularization and promotion of enteroscopies. Methods The survey was designed between January 1st, 2017 and July 31th, 2017 with pre-survey in Guangdong Province between May 1st, 2017 and July 31st, 2017. It was conducted in Chinese mainland between August 30th, 2017 and December 30th, 2017. Data were collected through the online survey and reality survey at 385 hospitals. A total of 373 hospitals gave feedbacks and 7 hospitals were unqualified for further analysis after data checking, so 366 hospitals were included for final analysis, with an responding rate of 95.1%. Information on practice status of hospitals with enteroscopies and enteroscopists were collected. The chi-squared test was used for comparison of data between eastern and central and western regions. Results The hospitals owning enteroscopies account for 47.0% (172/366), 154/172 (89.5%) were tertiary referral hospitals, 112/172 (65.1%) established enteroscopy unit, and 84/172 (48.8%) owned X-ray exclusive for enteroscopy. The proportion of enteroscopists with senior title was 40.3% (50/124), female enteroscopists accounted for 42.7% (53/124). Most enteroscopists aged 31-40 and 41-50 years. 43.0% hospitals employed only 1-2 enteroscopists (74/172). The diagnositc cases per year was less than 50 cases in 51.2% hospitals (88/172). The therapeutic cases per year were less than 10 cases in 51.7% hospitals (89/172). Nineteen of 124 (15.3%) of enteroscopists didn’t receive standard training. The number of hospitals performing enteroscopies in eastern regions was higher than that in central and western regions [111(51.6%) VS 61(40.4%), P = 0.034]. The training background of enteroscopists in eastern regions was better than that in central and western regions（P = 0.031）. Conclusion Low number of patients treated and shortage of enteroscopists are obvious in Chinese Mainland, especially in central and western regions. Standard training of enteroscopists is impending.