Colonoscopy, as the main method of early diagnosis and interventional therapy, plays a key role in the screening and prevention of colorectal cancer. Effective and comprehensive colonoscopy training is an important factor in achieving high-quality colonoscopy and reducing the incidence of colorectal cancer. At present, colonoscopy training is not limited to the apprentice mode. The application of colonoscopy simulation and endoscopy competency assessment tools has effectively improved the quality of colonoscopy training. The retraining of endoscopic physicians and the establishment of a new model of endoscopic teaching and training have also played an effective role in promoting qualified endoscopic physicians. This article summarizes the current research status and progress of colonoscopy teaching and training models.