Objective To evaluate the intelligent gastrointestinal endoscopy quality control system in gastroscopy. Methods Fourteen endoscopists from Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were assigned to the quality-control group and the control group by the random number table. In the pre-quality-control stage (from April 20, 2019 to May 31, 2019), data of gastroscopies performed by the enrolled endoscopists were collected. In the training stage (June 1 to 30, 2019), the quality-control group was trained in quality control knowledge and the instructions of intelligent gastrointestinal endoscopy quality control system; but the control group was only trained in quality control knowledge. In the post-quality-control stage (from July 1, 2019 to August 20, 2019), a quality report was submitted weekly to the endoscopists in the quality-control group with a review and feedback, while the control group had no quality control report. Simultaneously, the gastroscopies performed by the enrolled endoscopists were collected during the period. Changes of precancerous lesion detection rate in the two groups were compared. Results Seven endoscopists were assigned to each group. A total of 3 446 gastroscopies were included in the pre-quality-control stage (n=1 651, including 753 cases in the quality-control group and 898 cases in the control group) and post-quality-control stage (n=1 795, including 892 cases in the quality-control group and 903 cases in the control group). The detection rate of precancerous lesions in the quality-control group increased by 3.6% [3.3% (29/892) VS 6.9% (52/753), χ2=11.65, P<0.01], while that of the control group increased by 0.4% [3.3% (30/903) VS 3.7% (33/898), χ2=0.17, P=0.684]. Conclusion The intelligent gastrointestinal endoscopy quality control system with a review and feedback could monitor and improve the quality of gastroscopy.