In 2020, the Japanese Society of Gastrointestinal Endoscopy developed and published guidelines for endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) / endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) of esophageal cancer. The guideline is based on a large number of published clinical research evidence and makes recommendations focus on 18 clinical problems, including preoperative diagnosis of esophageal cancer, indications, scheme of endoscopic resection(ER), curability assessment, and surveillance for ER. This guideline aimed at solving problems in practical work and improving the quality of clinical practice. The main content includes esophageal squamous cell carcinoma and esophageal adenocarcinoma. This article mainly interprets the contents of the guidelines for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.