To analyze the lesion distribution situations and relationship of lesions detected by gastroscopy and colonoscopy in asymptomatic population in Beijing. Data of 1 663 patients who received gastroscopy and colonoscopy in the physical examination center of Peking Union Medical College Hospital and Beijing Hospital between January 2016 and December 2018 were analyzed retrospectively. Statistical analysis was conducted on the detection rate and relationship of different lesions based on the information of gender and ages. Gastroscopy data showed that chronic non-atrophic gastritis and chronic atrophic gastritis accounted for 1 240 （74.6%）and 423 （25.4%）cases respectively. Chronic atrophic gastritis was more common in population aged over 40. Other common diseases included erosions of gastric body and/or antrum, fundic gland polyps, reflux esophagitis, duodenitis, bile regurgitation and so on. Upper gastrointestinal tumors including esophagus cancer and gastric cancer were both early lesions. Colonoscopy results showed that colonic polyps were common lesions, among which there were 382 （23.0%）cases of colonic adenoma and 217 （13.0%）hyperplastic polyps. Incidence of colonic polyps increased with age. Colorectal cancer accounted for 0.7%. Colon diverticulum and melanosis coli were more common in population aged over 40. Colon adenoma was more common in male and melanosis coli was more common in female. The positive rate of HP was 32.2%. There was no positive relationship between HP infection and fundic gland polyps（P=0.329）. There was no positive relationship between fundic gland polyps and colon adenomas as well as colorectal cancer（P=0.152, P=0.616）. Gastroscopy and colonoscopy play important roles in different kinds of digestive diseases, especially in the early detection of tumors. More attention should be paid to the application of endoscopy in asymptomatic population.