Objective To investigate the correlation between gallbladder polyps and colon polyps of different locations. Methods Healthy subjects who underwent colonoscopy in the Physical Examination Center of the Affiliated Hospital of Yangzhou University from January 2020 to October 2022 were included. They were divided into the proximal colon group and the distal colon group according to the location of colon polyps. Gallbladder polyps were compared with other known risk factors for colon cancer. Different parts and types of polyps were further explored. Results A total of 2 811 patients had colon polyps, including 1 668 males and 1 143 females, with an average age of 47.3 years. One hundred and seventy-one (6.1%) had gallstones, and 459 (16.3%) had gallbladder polyps. The incidence of gallbladder polyps was higher in the proximal colon polyp group (21.7%, 93/429). Gallbladder polyps were independently associated with proximal colon polyps, including hyperplastic polyps (OR=1.525,P=0.029) and adenomatous polyps (OR=1.425,P=0.017). There was no significant correlation between gallbladder polyps and distal colon polyps. Conclusion Gallbladder polyps are associated with proximal colon polyps, and colonoscopy screening is recommended for people with gallbladder polyps.