Abstract:Hemorrhoids are the most common anorectal disease, in which internal hemorrhoids account for the vast majority of hemorrhoids. Digestive endoscopy has many advantages in the treatment of internal hemorrhoids, and has been gradually popularized in China.But there is few relevant clinical guidelines and operational consensus to guide the minimally invasive treatment of internal hemorrhoids. In order to better standardize the diagnosis and treatment of internal hemorrhoids by digestive endoscopy and promote the healthy development of this technology, the Internal Hemorrhoids Cooperative Group of Chinese Society of Digestive Endoscopology organized 36 domestic experts in digestive endoscopy and anorectal field who engaged in minimally invasive treatment of internal hemorrhoids. Based on the latest evidence-based medicine evidence, the recent guidelines for diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids at home and abroad and the published research data, a guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of internal hemorrhoids suitable for China's national conditions and the characteristics of digestive endoscopy was finally formulated after questionnaire survey and repeated discussion of on-site experts, that is, Chinese digestive endoscopic practice guidelines and operation consensus for internal hemorrhoids (2021). It will provide guidance for digestive endoscopists in the diagnosis and treatment of hemorrhoids.