The morbidity and mortality of esophageal cancer remain high, and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) offers an effective treatment strategy for patients with early-stage esophageal cancer, but post-ESD esophageal stricture is a complication that has not been fully resolved. Common approaches, such as steroid therapy, have shown some effects, but the ensuing complications have led researchers to look for alternative approaches. In recent years, a variety of biomedical materials have attracted widespread attention for their potential to prevent post-ESD esophageal strictures due to their anti-inflammatory and anti-fibrotic effects, in addition to their good biocompatibility, degradability and adjustable mechanical properties. Combined with tissue engineering techniques, they have already brought us new solutions, but more trials are still needed to verify efficacy and safety. The purpose of this review is to discuss the existing methods of stricture prevention,with special focus on the application of biomedical materials,and to inspire more scholars to explore new materials and techniques to address the problem of esophageal stricture after ESD and bring safer and more effective treatment strategies to patients.